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蟲草不只有冬蟲夏草一種，蛹蟲草的這些作用并不遜色！

　　1、營養：首(shou)先，蠶(can)(can)(can)蛹(yong)(yong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)可(ke)(ke)(ke)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)碳源(yuan)物質(zhi)(zhi)是葡萄糖(tang)、蔗糖(tang)、麥芽糖(tang)、淀‘粉、果膠(jiao)等(deng)，但(dan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)單(dan)糖(tang)或(huo)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)雙糖(tang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)效(xiao)果為(wei)(wei)佳。其(qi)(qi)(qi)次，氮元素(su)是蠶(can)(can)(can)蛹(yong)(yong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)合成(cheng)蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)和(he)核(he)酸(suan)物質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必(bi)要(yao)(yao)元素(su)，蠶(can)(can)(can)蛹(yong)(yong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)能利用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氮類(lei)物質(zhi)(zhi)尤其(qi)(qi)(qi)是有(you)機態氮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種類(lei)較多，如蛋白胨、豆餅粉、酵母膏(gao)等(deng)均(jun)可(ke)(ke)(ke);也可(ke)(ke)(ke)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)若干無機態氮，但(dan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)機態氮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)效(xiao)果為(wei)(wei)好。再(zai)次，蠶(can)(can)(can)蛹(yong)(yong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)菌(jun)(jun)絲(si)(si)及(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)座生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)，必(bi)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)元素(su)即(ji)是礦質(zhi)(zhi)元素(su)，因此，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)應予酌量(liang)(liang)(liang)添加(jia)。第四，適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)素(su)有(you)效(xiao)刺激和(he)促進蠶(can)(can)(can)蛹(yong)(yong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)菌(jun)(jun)絲(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，并(bing)大大提高(gao)(gao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物量(liang)(liang)(liang)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)上多以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)添加(jia)維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素(su)類(lei)為(wei)(wei)主要(yao)(yao)措施。合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)碳氮比(CN)是人(ren)工栽培(pei)蠶(can)(can)(can)蛹(yong)(yong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必(bi)需(xu)條件(jian)，否則(ze)，將導致或(huo)者菌(jun)(jun)絲(si)(si)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)緩慢、或(huo)者污染嚴(yan)重(zhong)、或(huo)者氣(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)菌(jun)(jun)絲(si)(si)過(guo)旺，難以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)座，即(ji)便(bian)有(you)子(zi)(zi)(zi)座分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)化(hua)(hua)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品數量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)均(jun)有(you)不(bu)同程度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)降。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)一般(ban)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)調(diao)CN在(zai)(zai)3-4：1之間(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)宜(yi)。　　2、溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)：蠶(can)(can)(can)蛹(yong)(yong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)菌(jun)(jun)絲(si)(si)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei) 6-30°C，適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宜(yi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)18-22°C;原(yuan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)化(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)10-25°C之間(jian)(jian)(jian)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)刺激原(yuan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)形成(cheng)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)當調(diao)控溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)在(zai)(zai)24小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)5-10°C的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei);子(zi)(zi)(zi)座生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)10- 25°C，適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宜(yi)20-23°C;孢子(zi)(zi)(zi)彈射溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei) 28-32°C，溫(wen)(wen)高(gao)(gao)應控制在(zai)(zai)34°C以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia);若非育(yu)(yu)種或(huo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)特(te)殊需(xu)要(yao)(yao)，單(dan)純(chun)栽培(pei)、以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)獲得子(zi)(zi)(zi)實(shi)體(ti)為(wei)(wei)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，不(bu)要(yao)(yao)達(da)到或(huo)超過(guo) 28°C。　　3、水(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)：水(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)是生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)，蠶(can)(can)(can)蛹(yong)(yong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)也不(bu)例外;作為(wei)(wei)菌(jun)(jun)絲(si)(si)及(ji)子(zi)(zi)(zi)座在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命運(yun)行過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)必(bi)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶劑，蠶(can)(can)(can)蛹(yong)(yong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)所(suo)需(xu)水(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕大部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)來自于(yu)培(pei)養料中(zhong)(zhong)，因此，調(diao)配基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)水(shui)率于(yu)適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)當的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平，直接關系到蠶(can)(can)(can)蛹(yong)(yong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)發(fa)(fa)育(yu)(yu)狀(zhuang)況。實(shi)際(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)，基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)水(shui)率宜(yi)調(diao)至(zhi)(zhi)60%-65%，菌(jun)(jun)絲(si)(si)培(pei)養階(jie)(jie)段的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)對(dui)空氣(qi)濕度(du)(du)保(bao)持在(zai)(zai)60%—70%，形成(cheng)原(yuan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)后(hou)(hou)(hou)應調(diao)至(zhi)(zhi)80%-90%。　　4、氧(yang)氣(qi)：蠶(can)(can)(can)蛹(yong)(yong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)與(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)它食用(yong)(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)相(xiang)仿(fang)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)發(fa)(fa)育(yu)(yu)過(guo)程同樣是一個吸氧(yang)排碳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代謝過(guo)程，尤其(qi)(qi)(qi)原(yuan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)化(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)需(xu)氧(yang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)更多，故需(xu)保(bao)持相(xiang)對(dui)較清新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)保(bao)證氧(yang)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)足(zu)供應。但(dan)由于(yu)蠶(can)(can)(can)蛹(yong)(yong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)速度(du)(du)慢、代謝量(liang)(liang)(liang)很小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，加(jia)之其(qi)(qi)(qi)自身耐二氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力(li)相(xiang)對(dui)較高(gao)(gao)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)降二氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳濃度(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)0.5%左(zuo)右即(ji)可(ke)(ke)(ke)滿足(zu)。　　5、光照(zhao)：蠶(can)(can)(can)蛹(yong)(yong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)期(qi)即(ji)菌(jun)(jun)絲(si)(si)發(fa)(fa)育(yu)(yu)階(jie)(jie)段，光線尤其(qi)(qi)(qi)是強光對(dui)菌(jun)(jun)絲(si)(si)有(you)較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抑(yi)制和(he)損傷(shang)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)，故應保(bao)持完全(quan)黑暗狀(zhuang)態，即(ji)便(bian)是臨近完成(cheng)發(fa)(fa)菌(jun)(jun)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)提前(qian)施行光照(zhao)處(chu)理，也會誘導過(guo)早進入生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖階(jie)(jie)段，而(er)使(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)嚴(yan)重(zhong)降低、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)大打折(zhe)扣。全(quan)部發(fa)(fa)滿菌(jun)(jun)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，需(xu)約(yue)200勒(le)克司光照(zhao)刺激轉色，該(gai)階(jie)(jie)段如光照(zhao)均(jun)勻、每(mei)天(tian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)達(da)到10小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上，可(ke)(ke)(ke)使(shi)菌(jun)(jun)絲(si)(si)轉色好、色澤深(shen)，為(wei)(wei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi)獲得高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)子(zi)(zi)(zi)實(shi)體(ti)打下(xia)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)，該(gai)特(te)性與(yu)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)蠶(can)(can)(can)蛹(yong)(yong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)在(zai)(zai)濃密樹陰(yin)下(xia)不(bu)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)座的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況一致。出(chu)現原(yuan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)當縮短光照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)、提高(gao)(gao)光照(zhao)強度(du)(du)至(zhi)(zhi)300勒(le)克司，并(bing)力(li)求(qiu)光照(zhao)均(jun)勻，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)使(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)實(shi)體(ti)正(zheng)常發(fa)(fa)育(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。　　6、pH值：蠶(can)(can)(can)蛹(yong)(yong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)酸(suan)性環境，菌(jun)(jun)絲(si)(si)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)階(jie)(jie)段適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應5-7的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)，適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宜(yi)5.2- 6.8之間(jian)(jian)(jian)，人(ren)工栽培(pei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)pH可(ke)(ke)(ke)調(diao)到7-7.5，經高(gao)(gao)壓滅菌(jun)(jun)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，pH值自然下(xia)降，加(jia)之后(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi)菌(jun)(jun)絲(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自然(產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)有(you)機酸(suan))調(diao)節(jie)，即(ji)可(ke)(ke)(ke)使(shi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)pH降至(zhi)(zhi)6左(zuo)右。

2022-07-05